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A high-voltage, renewable energy-based perimeter security system using CD4047 pulse generation and MOSFET power switching.
This project features a fully custom-built Solar Powered Electric Fence, designed to deliver controlled, safe high-voltage pulses for agricultural and perimeter protection. It integrates a solar charging system with a battery backup to ensure 24/7 off-grid operation without reliance on the power grid.
┌────────────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────────┐
│ Solar Charging Stage │ │ Pulse Generation Stage │
│ • 12V Solar Panel │ │ • CD4047 Multivibrator │
│ • LM317L Voltage Regulator │◄─────►│ • Adjustable Frequency │
│ • 12V 7Ah Battery Storage │ │ • 46 Hz – 58 Hz Range │
└────────────────────────────┘ └─────────────┬──────────────┘
│
▼
┌────────────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────────┐
│ High-Voltage Stage │ │ Switching Stage │
│ • Step-up Transformer │◄─────►│ • Dual IRF3205 MOSFETs │
│ • High-Voltage Pulse Out │ │ • High-Current Handling │
│ • Safe Deterrent Shocks │ │ • Low-Loss Power Switching │
└────────────────────────────┘ └────────────────────────────┘
The timing is governed by the RC network connected to the astable multivibrator pins.
| Component | Value | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Resistor (R) | 390 kΩ + 100 kΩ Pot | Frequency Tuning |
| Capacitor (C) | 10 nF | Timing Constant |
| Pulse Period (T) | 17.16 – 21.56 ms | T = 4.4RC |
| Frequency (f) | 46 Hz – 58 Hz | Output Pulse Rate |
| Component | Specification | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage Regulator | LM317L | Battery Charge Control |
| Storage | 12V, 7Ah Battery | Lead-Acid Energy Storage |
| Switching MOSFET | IRF3205 | High-Current Driver ($V_{DSS}=55V$) |
| Protection | Schottky Diodes | Reverse Polarity & Surge Protection |
/hardware: Schematics, PCB layouts and 3D PCB layout visualizations./docs: component datasheets and project report./manufacturing: Gerber files of the PCB layouts.MIT License Permission is granted to use, modify, and distribute under MIT terms.
A robust, solar-powered security solution that demonstrates the practical application of Power Electronics and Analog Design. The system provides a sustainable, cost-effective deterrent for livestock and perimeter management, verified through rigorous testing and custom PCB fabrication.
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