Imported from GitHub: markgajevskis/Kiel_50 · commit fb423f9 · license GPL-3.0

Description

BLDC sine wave controller shield for Arduino UNO

README

Kiel_50 - Programmable ESC for the BLDC and PMSM Motors

Kiel 50 is an Arduino UNO shield for driving sensor-less three-phase BLDC motor. The main advantage is the sinusoidal current drive. By monitoring the back-EMF (BEMF) the motor can run without the independent rotor position sensor aka hall sensor or encoder. The chip is able to sense the BEMF from very low rpm up to high rpm. The speed can be set and adjusted using PWM or SPI. The Kiel 50 shield comes with the main chip A4964 from "Allegro MicroSystems". This chip is All-in-one: the motor controller, N-Channel MOSFET driver, voltage regulator, MCU watchdog. The ability to program this chip via SPI using Arduino makes it easy to use for many projects. After the configurations were uploaded to the controller and saved to the NVM it can run without Arduino as well.

Measurement of the three-phase (Voltage Ch.1,2,3)

Measurment of the three-phase (Voltage Ch.1,2,3 + Current Ch.4 (GN))

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Technical specification

Characteristic	Symbol	Note	Raiting	Unit
Supply voltage	Vsup		5.5 - 50	V
Logic voltage	VLR	REG 25 - VLR	3.3 - 5	V
Maximal current	Imax	Fused: F2	10	A
Maximal logic current	Ilog	Fused: F1	290	mA
Gate drive regulator voltage	Vrg	REG 25 - VRG	8 or 11	V
Bridge PWM frequency	ƒpw	REG 0 - PW	14.2 - 50	Khz
PWM frequency (logic)	ƒpwm		500 - 1000	Hz
SPI frequency	ƒspi		2	Mhz

Safety features

Feature	Description
Undervoltage lockout	Controller can detect the voltgae drop and switsch the motor off. Thus avoiding the risk of unpredictible behavior.
Peak current limit	Can be programmed using the MCU. Uses shunt for monitoring the current.
Ignition switch	The high-active input permitt the system start
Bridge MOSFET test	The controller can detect if the driving MOSFETs are broken or have any issues.
Windmill detection	If the motor rotetes, the controller can detect its speed and syncronise with it. Thus allowing further rotation without the braiking.
MCU watchdog and reset

Driving modes

Mode	Description
Closed-loop speed	Is used in many e-bike controllers. Acceleration, braking, reaction speed and others settings can be configured via SPI only. After the configuration was set, the speed input via SPI or PWM is acceptable.
Closed-loop current	The configuration is done via SPI only. The speed can be adjusted using SPI or PWM.
Open-loop speed	The controller ignores the BEMF and keeps switchting the phases based ont the values of the ramp table.

Hardware design features:

1. Min component size 0802 SMD for easy hand soldering.
2. Radiator for the heat dissipation from the IC.

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How to start

Hardware for the first start

• Kiel_50 board
• Three phase BLDC motor
• Arduino UNO
• Power supply 5.5V - 50V with at least 1A (for small motors)
• Main PC for programming

Software for the first start

• Arduino IDE
• The Software for the Arduino UNO

Before start, test the board

1. First git clone the repository or download it to the main PC.
2. Navigate to the Kiel_50 folder.
3. Open /Kiel_50/Software/chip_test/chip_test_programm.ino file in Arduino IDE.
4. Select Arduoino UNO in the Borard manger and compile the chip_test_programm.ino.
5. By setting all switches on SW_DIP_x04(BLUE) to ON you enable the SPI communication with Arduino UNO.
6. Plug the Kiel 50 shield to Arduino UNO.
7. Flash Arduino UNO.
8. Connect the power supply to the board, avoid connectong the motor to the board.
9. Open the serial monitor, now you can monitor the supply voltage, chip temperatur, etc.
10. You can try to change the supply voltage (if it's possible). You have to see the voltage change in serial.

Frirst start

//ToDo

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Keywords:

• ESC - electric speed controller
• BLDC - Brushless DC electric motor
• PMSM - Permanent magnet synchronous motor
• DC - Direct current
• IDE - Integrated Development Environment

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Notes:

Aplication example:

1. Free rotating motors
2. Pump
3. Fans and blowers