Imported from GitHub: Mohamed-U3/H-bridge-PCB · commit 462b444 · license MIT

Description

H-bridge with MOSFETs and IR2110 designed with KiCAD

README

H-Bridge Motor Control PCB

A professional H-bridge motor driver PCB designed for bidirectional DC motor control with 24V power supply and microcontroller-based control interface.

Overview

This H-bridge circuit board enables bidirectional control of DC motors with overcurrent protection, isolated gate drivers, and integrated power regulation. The design features high-current MOSFETs capable of handling significant motor loads with proper heat dissipation.

Designer: Eng. Mohamed Yousry Company: AIO Revision: v2.1 Date: 2025-03-05

Features

• Power Supply: 24V input with integrated voltage regulation

  • 24V → 15V regulation (LM7815) for gate drivers
  • 24V → 5V regulation (LM7805) for logic circuits
  • On-board 5V power distribution terminals

• Motor Control:

  • Full H-bridge configuration for bidirectional motor control
  • High-current IRLZ44N MOSFETs (47A Id, 55V Vds, 22mΩ Rds)
  • Motor terminal connector for easy connection
  • Power switch for main 24V supply

• Gate Drivers:

  • Dual IR2110 high/low side MOSFET drivers
  • Bootstrap capacitors for high-side gate driving
  • Isolated control signals (HIN/LIN)

• Microcontroller Interface:

  • ATmega328P-A microcontroller with arduino Framework (Arduino nano) (TQFP-32)
  • 16MHz crystal oscillator
  • ICSP programming header (6-pin)
  • Control interface connector (3-pin: GND, A2, 2)

• Protection:

  • Diode protection on all MOSFET gates (1N4148)
  • Zener diodes for voltage clamping (1N5245A)
  • Bootstrap diodes (1N5820 Schottky)
  • Freewheeling diodes (1N4007) for motor protection

• Additional Features:

  • Cooling fan connector (2-pin)
  • Heatsink mounting provision (125x35x50mm)
  • 4x M3 mounting holes for PCB installation
  • Status LEDs with current limiting resistors
  • Multiple power output terminals (5V, 15V)

Technical Specifications

Power Ratings

• Input Voltage: 24V DC
• Regulated Outputs:
  • 15V @ 1A (for gate drivers)
  • 5V @ 1A (for logic circuits)
• Motor Current: Up to 47A continuous (per MOSFET rating)
• Switching Frequency: Determined by microcontroller PWM (pin D5, D6)

Key Components

• MOSFETs: 4× IRLZ44N (TO-220)
• Gate Drivers: 2× IR2110 (DIP-14)
• Microcontroller: ATmega328P-A (Arduino Nano) (TQFP-32)
• Voltage Regulators: LM7815, LM7805 (TO-220)
• Crystal: 16MHz (HC18-U)

Schematic Sections

1. Mounting Holes (M3): Four 3.2mm mounting holes for secure PCB installation
2. Terminals: Power input, fan control, and auxiliary 5V outputs
3. H-Bridge Circuit: Four-quadrant MOSFET bridge with gate drivers
4. Power Converter: Voltage regulation from 24V to 15V and 5V
5. ATmega328P: Microcontroller with programming interface and I/O

Pin Configuration

Control Connector (J5)

Pin	Function	Description
1	GND	Ground reference
2	A2	Analog control input for the speed
3	2	Digital control input for the Direction

ICSP Programming Header (J7)

Pin	Function
1	RESET
2	13/SCK
3	11/MOSI
4	12/MISO
5	GND
6	+5V

Motor Terminal (J3)

• 2-pin screw terminal for motor connection
• Motor polarity reversal controlled by H-bridge switching

Operation

The H-bridge operates by controlling four MOSFETs in two half-bridge configurations:

• Forward: Q1 & Q4 ON, Q2 & Q3 OFF
• Reverse: Q2 & Q3 ON, Q1 & Q4 OFF
• Brake: All MOSFETs OFF or Q1 & Q3 ON (or Q2 & Q4 ON)

The IR2110 gate drivers provide isolated high and low-side gate drive signals with:

• HIN (High-side Input): Controls top MOSFETs (Q1, Q3)
• LIN (Low-side Input): Controls bottom MOSFETs (Q2, Q4)

The ATmega328P generates PWM signals for speed control and direction logic.

Assembly Notes

• Use thermal paste when mounting MOSFETs to heatsink
• Ensure proper orientation of polarized components (electrolytic capacitors, diodes, LEDs)
• Bootstrap capacitors (C1, C2: 1μF) must be close to VB pins of IR2110
• Power supply bulk capacitor (C3: 2200μF) should be positioned near 24V input
• Verify all ground connections before applying power

Heatsinking

The design includes provision for a 125x35x50mm heatsink with three M3 mounting points. All four MOSFETs should be thermally coupled to the heatsink using thermal compound and insulating pads if required.

PCB Specifications

• Board Size: A4 (determined by KiCad export)
• Layers: 2-layer design
• Mounting: 4× M3 holes (3.2mm diameter)
• Power Traces: Heavy copper recommended for motor current paths

Programming

The ATmega328P can be programmed via the ICSP header using an AVR programmer:

the code if included.