h-bridge-pcb

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README

H-Bridge Motor Control PCB

A professional H-bridge motor driver PCB designed for bidirectional DC motor control with 24V power supply and microcontroller-based control interface.

Overview

This H-bridge circuit board enables bidirectional control of DC motors with overcurrent protection, isolated gate drivers, and integrated power regulation. The design features high-current MOSFETs capable of handling significant motor loads with proper heat dissipation.

Designer: Eng. Mohamed Yousry Company: AIO Revision: v2.1 Date: 2025-03-05

Features

Power Supply: 24V input with integrated voltage regulation
- 24V → 15V regulation (LM7815) for gate drivers
- 24V → 5V regulation (LM7805) for logic circuits
- On-board 5V power distribution terminals
Motor Control:
- Full H-bridge configuration for bidirectional motor control
- High-current IRLZ44N MOSFETs (47A Id, 55V Vds, 22mΩ Rds)
- Motor terminal connector for easy connection
- Power switch for main 24V supply
Gate Drivers:
- Dual IR2110 high/low side MOSFET drivers
- Bootstrap capacitors for high-side gate driving
- Isolated control signals (HIN/LIN)
Microcontroller Interface:
- ATmega328P-A microcontroller with arduino Framework (Arduino nano) (TQFP-32)
- 16MHz crystal oscillator
- ICSP programming header (6-pin)
- Control interface connector (3-pin: GND, A2, 2)
Protection:
- Diode protection on all MOSFET gates (1N4148)
- Zener diodes for voltage clamping (1N5245A)
- Bootstrap diodes (1N5820 Schottky)
- Freewheeling diodes (1N4007) for motor protection
Additional Features:
- Cooling fan connector (2-pin)
- Heatsink mounting provision (125x35x50mm)
- 4x M3 mounting holes for PCB installation
- Status LEDs with current limiting resistors
- Multiple power output terminals (5V, 15V)

Technical Specifications

Power Ratings

Input Voltage: 24V DC
Regulated Outputs:
- 15V @ 1A (for gate drivers)
- 5V @ 1A (for logic circuits)
Motor Current: Up to 47A continuous (per MOSFET rating)
Switching Frequency: Determined by microcontroller PWM (pin D5, D6)

Key Components

MOSFETs: 4× IRLZ44N (TO-220)
Gate Drivers: 2× IR2110 (DIP-14)
Microcontroller: ATmega328P-A (Arduino Nano) (TQFP-32)
Voltage Regulators: LM7815, LM7805 (TO-220)
Crystal: 16MHz (HC18-U)

Schematic Sections

Mounting Holes (M3): Four 3.2mm mounting holes for secure PCB installation
Terminals: Power input, fan control, and auxiliary 5V outputs
H-Bridge Circuit: Four-quadrant MOSFET bridge with gate drivers
Power Converter: Voltage regulation from 24V to 15V and 5V
ATmega328P: Microcontroller with programming interface and I/O

Pin Configuration

Control Connector (J5)

Pin	Function	Description
1	GND	Ground reference
2	A2	Analog control input for the speed
3	2	Digital control input for the Direction

ICSP Programming Header (J7)

Pin	Function
1	RESET
2	13/SCK
3	11/MOSI
4	12/MISO
5	GND
6	+5V

Motor Terminal (J3)

2-pin screw terminal for motor connection
Motor polarity reversal controlled by H-bridge switching

Operation

The H-bridge operates by controlling four MOSFETs in two half-bridge configurations:

Forward: Q1 & Q4 ON, Q2 & Q3 OFF
Reverse: Q2 & Q3 ON, Q1 & Q4 OFF
Brake: All MOSFETs OFF or Q1 & Q3 ON (or Q2 & Q4 ON)

The IR2110 gate drivers provide isolated high and low-side gate drive signals with:

HIN (High-side Input): Controls top MOSFETs (Q1, Q3)
LIN (Low-side Input): Controls bottom MOSFETs (Q2, Q4)

The ATmega328P generates PWM signals for speed control and direction logic.

Assembly Notes

Use thermal paste when mounting MOSFETs to heatsink
Ensure proper orientation of polarized components (electrolytic capacitors, diodes, LEDs)
Bootstrap capacitors (C1, C2: 1μF) must be close to VB pins of IR2110
Power supply bulk capacitor (C3: 2200μF) should be positioned near 24V input
Verify all ground connections before applying power

Heatsinking

The design includes provision for a 125x35x50mm heatsink with three M3 mounting points. All four MOSFETs should be thermally coupled to the heatsink using thermal compound and insulating pads if required.